SPSS TASK

Hypothesis: Men and women’s attitudes to catalog shopping do not differ.

The following table shows that men and women do not shop differently

Shopping issue	Male shoppers	Female shoppers
Shopping attitude	Less positive	More positive (H1)
Money spent	More (H4)	Less
Time spent/freq shopping	Less	More (H2, H3)
Purchase of apparel and fashion	Less	More (H5)
Shopping orientation	Utilitarian (H6)	Window-shopping/Economic/Recreational
		(H7, H8, H9)

The data we collected on the category scale consisted of demographic data such as age, gender, education, marital status, family income, and occupation. In addition, the time and money spent in the shopping mall and the frequency of mall visits were some of the aspects we took care of. We used a five-point Likert-type scale in order to determine the frequency with which men and women bought fashion-related merchandise. We carried out a questionnaire survey for collecting empirical data so that the hypothesis could be tested statistically. For this purpose, we piloted on the student sample of 300. Because of the nature of this research work, we gave preference to the mall intercept data collection, and the interviews were purely exit interviews. Information was collected during business hours of the shopping mall (11 a.m. to 11 p.m.). We tried to fill one-third of the questionnaires by the mid-morning hours, and the rest of the work was done by the late afternoon and after 7 p.m.

We considered that the visitors of this mall differed substantially along with the variables of interest; thus, the data we collected was based on equal numbers of weekdays and weekends at each destination. We noticed that participation in the data collection process at some locations was voluntary. We promised that the individual details would be kept private.

Men and women’s attitudes to catalogue shopping do not differ		S.J. Kuruvilla et al.
Table 2 Results of factor analysis of shopping orientation items
	Factor loading   Eigenvalue	Percent of variance	Alpha
Factor 1: The utilitarian shopper	4.004	23.555	0.767
I visit the mall when I need to buy something urgently (Sample item)	0.783
Factor 2: The window shopper	1.966	11.567	0.624
I love buying products of the same category whenever I need them (sample item)	0.714
Factor 3: The economic shopper	1.731	10.184	0.735
I often look for products whose prices are lower than others (sample item)	0.858
Factor 4: The recreational shopper	1.189	6.997	0.590
I feel that shopping is an exciting and fun-filled activity (sample item)	0.712

Table 3 Sample description

	Demographic variable	Frequency	Percentage
1	Age
	Less than 18	77	2.5
	19–25	623	23.4
	26–35	787	27
	36–45	472	17.2
	46–55	422	17.5
	56–65	300	5.4
	Above 65	76	4.6
2	Gender
	Male	1430	51.4
	Female	1220	43.6
3	Marital Status
	Married	1650	61.5
	Unmarried	944	35.3
	Others	52	1.6
4	Income
	Less than $400	242	9.3
	Between $400 and $500	825	31.5
	Between $500 and $600	672	26.5
	Between $600 and $700	481	18.3
	Between $700 and $800	272	10.2
	More than $800	93	3.4
5	Occupation
	Professional	448	12.1
	Own business	464	13.9
	Salaried employee	928	31.3
	Housewife	232	11.1
	Retired	93	3.2
	Unemployed	29	2
	Student	277	12.2
	Others	22	0.9
6	Education
	Professional	536	21.3
	Postgraduate	776	25.3
	Graduate / diploma	1241	44.5
	10th	171	6.2
	Below 10th	40	1.4

The basic purpose of this study was to determine the attitudes of men and women to catalog shopping. No significant difference was found, except at some places where women had a more positive attitude to mall shopping than men. When it comes to talking about fashion-related categories, both men and women show equal interests, and in some situations, men spend more time and money than women. All of the shopping orientation factors and attitude variables were subject to discriminant analysis in order to determine whether the results were valid or not. The results and the select statistics proved the hypothesis.