Thursday, 30 May 2019

Response Paper


In the class, we have been taught that urban planning is a complex process that involves the development and design of lands. In simple words, we can say that it is meant to clarify how the physical layouts of human settlements should be. One of the core concerns is the welfare of people, which consists of considerations regarding sanitation, efficiency, protection and the use of the environment along with the effects on economic and social activities. It’s safe to say that urban planning is an interdisciplinary field that includes science, social studies, and engineering. It can closely be linked to things like designing streets, buildings, parks, and other urban areas.
Situated in Syracuse, NY, the Erie Canal Museum is dedicated to the 1850 National Register Weighlock Building, which is an excellent structure of its kind. Some time ago, I planned to visit this museum along with a couple of friends. We reached there by the set time and began exploring the museum as well as its artworks instantly. Basically, the Erie Canal Museum tells the incredible story of the Erie Canal. We enjoyed a puppet show there and had a great time together. What attracted my friends and me the most toward this museum was its Weighlock Gallery.
An exhibition titled The Mohawk Valley through the Lens was being held there on that day. It attracted a large number of Europeans and Canadians to New York and had numerous artifacts and images in its display. It mainly showcased the works belonging to the 19th and 20th centuries and had a lot to get amazed with. The concept of urban planning was evident here, as we could see how people used to establish and maintain their settlements in the past and what types of things they used to buy to facilitate themselves as well as their family members. While exploring the museum and its art galleries, I was brought back to the time when the Erie Canal opened the Midwest to settlement. Before the construction of the Erie Canal, various Americans were pinned between the Appalachian Mountains and the Atlantic Ocean. The canal provided them with direct water and triggered large-scale emigration to the sparsely populated frontiers of Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, and New York. 
Before the opening of this museum, it was challenging for people to know what the history of Eric Canal is. In its display centers, especially in the Museum Exhibit area, a large number of paintings and artworks have been placed that tell us about the relationship between globalization and urban development. I got a chance to click some photographs there, but the following photos are among my favorites.
The pictures make me understand that before the opening of the Erie Canal, New Orleans was the only port city with a single water route to the interior of America. A handful of settlers reached from the South to the Midwest. The new immigrants of New York, Europe, and New England were said to be bringing their abolitionist views with them to the Midwest states. In one way or the other, they contributed to the progress and wellbeing of these newly developed states. Instead of opting for ordinary or old ways of living their lives, they tried new techniques and came up with unique ideas of how to be globalized in a short time.
These days, urban planners can be found working closely with architects, public administrators, and civil engineers. However, the situation was not the same in the past, when things used to be simple yet more decent than what we see around us nowadays. Today, urban planning has become an independent, separate professional discipline with a lot of methods and techniques being introduced to the world. Some of its sub-fields are land-use planning, economic development, transportation planning, zoning, and environmental planning.
During my time in this museum, I found that most of the things belonging to ancient times were replaced by better and advanced things, and this is how the urban areas transformed and how the Midwest states started flourishing. It is the Erie Canal that transformed New York City into the commercial capital of the United States. Various such stories have been told in the form of paintings and artworks displayed in different sections of the Erie Canal Museum. Some of the technical aspects of urban planning that were clear from the artworks present in this museum were urban designs, natural resources, infrastructure, and transportation. We were given an idea of how to predict population growth, how to map a geographical location, how to analyze the space of a park, how to identify different transpiration patterns, and how to survey the water supply.
In conclusion, I learned a lot from the museum, especially how New York City’s environment was transformed and digitalized with time. Today, New Yorkers have access to a large number of facilities and comforts, and this city has become the main port of entry for European immigrants. By the evening, we returned home, and I would never forget the time spent at the Erie Canal Museum.

Leadership Challenges at Hewlett-Packard


The case titled Leadership Challenges at Hewlett-Packard: Through the Looking Glass sheds light on varying issues Hewlett-Packard (also known as HP) has been facing regarding their election of executives. One of these executives is supposed to work as the CEO of the company. Another problem is that the corporate strategy of the board is not considered reliable. Basically, this case outlines the issues the company is having because of their chosen CEOs, ineffective and questionable corporate strategies, and of course, the consistent resignation of CEOs due to undisclosed reasons.
Analysis
After analyzing this case carefully, I have found that the board of Hewlett-Packard does have a definite corporate strategy. The board members seem to be aware of the problems the company is facing at this stage. They are skilled and experienced enough to choose or elect a reliable CEO. However, they should consider a couple of things before making the final decision. First of all, they can hire someone for the position of a CEO temporarily, probably for three to four months, in order to evaluate their performance and decide whether this CEO would benefit the company in the long run or not. Secondly, they should conduct interviews of as many eligible candidates as is possible for them. It does not look like they have been able to find a suitable or perfect person for this position so far despite the fact that all of the board members are experienced, skilled and capable of accomplishing this task in a short time.
If the board of Hewlett-Packard understands how skilled and experienced a person should be in order to be elected as a CEO, it will be easy for them to make the right decision. This way the company will not have to face issues regarding whom to hire and when to hire for this senior position. Some of the facts I would like to share in this regard are as follows:
1.      Carly Fiorina did not have any background in engineering and this could put the company in difficult situations in the future.
2.      Mark Hurd had previously worked as a CEO, but they had not served such a large-sized or multinational company. In the past, they fired a chairman because of the lack of integrity.
3.      Hurd resigned because of a sexual harassment scandal.
4.      Leo Aptheker’s selection as the CEO was doomed from day one.
I have also analyzed that the board is struggling with agreeing on an external executive vs. an internal executive. What I mean to say is that sometimes they think that the CEO should be selected from the team, and the other times, they begin planning that new candidates should be interviewed.
Recommendation
In the end, I would like the board of director to utilize all possible sources. I recommend them to consider internal candidates before finding a potential candidate outside the company. This is because those who are already working at Hewlett-Packard know everything about the culture of the company and it won’t take the board members much time to explain what they have to do after becoming a CEO. The case makes it clear that Hewlett-Packard began facing problems when Carly Fiorina was appointed as the CEO. Carly had no background in engineering, and this made it difficult for the company to make appropriate decisions especially when they had to acquire Compaq. After Carly Fiorina, Mark Hurd and Leo Apotheker also served as CEOs. Both of them did not belong to the company, so the situation took a more serious form. There is no information on how Meg Whitman performed while they were a part of the team. I think that Meg could be a suitable candidate for the position of CEO and the board should seriously consider hiring them so that they can manage the company in a better way.

Iturralde v. Hilo Case Study


Summary of the Case
Iturralde v. Hilo Medical Center, USA, is one of the most famous cases in the history of the United States. The Intermediate Court of Appeals of Hawaii decided it on March 30, 2012. In this case, Iturralde had sued Dr. Robert Ricketson and Hilo Medical Center because of medical malpractice that caused a lot of complications for the patient. According to the case, Dr. Robert Ricketson did not perform his duties in a better way. He chose to act below the standards maintained by the healthcare center (Fremgen, 2016). He had willingly implanted a shaft of the screwdriver into the spine of the patient. Iturralde was diagnosed with degenerative spondylolisthesis and was asked to get a spinal fusion surgery as soon as possible. The doctor chose to use a shaft when he could not locate the two titanium rods which were supposed to be used in the operation. Later on, the stainless steel screwdriver shafts snapped when they were placed in the back of the patient. In 2001, Iturralde passed away, and Dr. Ricketson denied before the court that he had provided the low-quality treatment to the patient. The court immediately ordered the hospital to pay up to $5.5 million to Iturralde’s family and nearly $3.3 million in punitive damages. The case was regarded as a case of medical negligence because the doctor was responsible for the death of the patient directly or indirectly.
Medical Malpractice Component
On the basis of this case, we can say that Dr. Ricketson was responsible for providing the patient with the best treatment. However, he did not act professionally and neglected Iturralde which is why his death caused two years after the treatment. In addition, the doctor could not confirm whether or not the necessary equipment for surgery were available in the operation theater. It is a moral, ethical, and legal duty of every doctor or nurse to check the availability of medical equipment before conducting a surgery. Not only this but also the negligence of this doctor is revealed at the highest level. He was supposed to use some non-recommended equipment rather than those titanium rods that were made available to him. The malpractice of this doctor, as well as his negligence, caused the death of Iturralde.
Furthermore, it was because of Dr. Ricketson’s negligence that a famous medical center was accused (Gasior, 2017). The life of the patient could be saved if Feldmeyer had alerted the administrator of Hilo Medical Center about what Dr. Ricketson was going to do. Physicians who neglect their patients are supposed to be punished or fired on an immediate basis. Feldmeyer was present at the scene when Dr. Ricketson was committing a medical mistake. However, she did not say anything until the things got out of control. All medical centers are required to check the credentials of their surgeons and nurses. The main reason for hiring surgeons or physicians us to provide proper medical services to patients, and if someone is not able to assist patients in a better way, then they should not stay in the hospital or clinic. In this case, Hilo Medical Center could not take these things into consideration and hired an unskilled and unqualified person.
Another thing we need to notice is that Dr. Ricketson agreed to undertake the surgical operation. This means he was responsible for saving the life of the patient (Moore et al. 2000). Every surgeon has to do so because they are hired to provide treatment facilities or services to their patients. For this purpose, they have to make the wise and correct use of medical equipment. By implanting the screwdriver shafts into the patient’s spine, this doctor breached his professional duty and did not provide quality services to Iturralde. The use of screwdriver shafts rather than titanium rods was a breach of duty, as medical centers never allow anyone to use these kinds of things during surgeries. Because of the negligence of Dr. Ricketson, the entire hospital’s reputation got impacted. The situation got worsened when the patient lost his life rather than recovering from the illness. It aligns to the notion that incompetent and unskilled people manage healthcare institutions. Although Hilo Medical Center was not fully responsible for this malpractice, its image was impacted because of the presence and act of Dr. Ricketson.
Healthcare experts belonging to different backgrounds, cultures, and races would definitely call it a case of negligence or malpractice. This is because the trust of consumers might be lost in these kinds of healthcare facilities. In addition, people suffering from chronic illnesses may look for other options rather than coming to this hospital where an innocent patient lost his life. The patients usually have no idea of what treatments options are best for them, so it is the duty of a physician to provide them with the best care options. It is now evident that there is no room for such malpractices in the healthcare industry. Dr. Ricketson could have waited for the right medical equipment to arrive, but he did not do so and began the operation. His team could also ask him not to operate the patient, but they did not do anything like that, so everyone is held liable for the lack of accountability.
Ethical Component
As far as the ethical component(s) of this case is concerned, we can say that it is the duty of every surgeon to respect the professional code of ethics and to look after their patients in a better way. They are also responsible for providing them with quick surgery whenever needed, but at the same time, they should not use non-recommended or wrong types of equipment during operation. In some situations, physicians are not sure of what they need to use and this is what happened in this case. The doctor had to face an ethical dilemma due to his negligence and because of selecting the wrong medical equipment.
Recommendations
A number of strategies can be implemented to improve the overall performance of medical experts. First of all, medical centers should hire surgeons or physicians after checking their credentials thoroughly or properly. Secondly, if someone is inexperienced, then they need to be provided with proper training of how to work under pressure and how to follow the rules and regulations of the medical center before allowing them to work full-time. These kinds of issues can be avoided in the future if a surgeon or physician uses the correct medical equipment. Last but not least, medical centers need to establish superior cultural humanity in which healthcare experts are allowed to maintain their interpersonal attitudes as well as the cultural identity of every patient.

References
Fremgen, B. F. (2016). Medical law and ethics (5th ed.). Boston: Pearson.
Gasior, M. (2017, June 26). Creating a Culture of Accountability in Healthcare. Retrieved January 15, 2018, from https://www.powerdms.com/blog/creating-culture-accountability-healthcare/
Moore, P. J., Adler, N. E., & Robertson, P. A. (2000). Medical malpractice: the effect of doctor-patient relations on medical patient perceptions and malpractice intentions. Western Journal of Medicine173(4), 244–250.

Database Design Project


Synopsis

SQLite consists of a software library (Languedoc, 2016), which can be used to implement a transactional and self-contained SQL database engine which has no configuration. The source code is required in order to keep it up with the public domain.
SQLite Prototype (User Bank Account Database)
I have designed or created a prototype using the same tool. In the diagram given below, you can see that I have created different tables, a data dictionary, use reports along with users, and have filled data fields appropriately.
1.      Arrows have been used to highlight the designing decisions and to show how certain elements are corrected to each other.
2.      I have added constraint carefully in order to restrict specific fields, maintain the integrity of data and connecting the database tables.
3.      I have selected appropriate data types for every single attribute.
4.      I chose to fill the data input section for all users in order to retrieve records efficiently.
5.      In the final stage, I connected every item according to the requirement of the database.
With this type of prototype, it is easy to create a database in SQLite (Languedoc, 2016), and adding tables, dictionary, real data and table attributes takes a matter of minutes depending on how skilled a person is. It is now easy for us to modify (alter, delete or add) data using queries. This can be modified inside every table, and we can generate as many reports as are required.

The Creation of Database using SQLite
In order to create a database, a person first needs to download SQLite from the official page along with recompiled files for the system (Taylor, 2019).
1.      I used a MAC system that allowed me to download sqlite-autoconf-*.tar.gz.
2.      Then I installed all of the required files and added configuration in order to get ready with SQLite.
3.      When SQLite was ready, I begin creating database according to my desires or requirements.

References
Languedoc, K. (2016). Analyzing SQLite Databases. Build IOS Database Apps with Swift and SQLite, 187-196. doi:10.1007/978-1-4842-2232-4_12
Introducing SQLite. (n.d.). The Definitive Guide to SQLite, 1-16. doi:10.1007/978-1-4302-0172-4_1
Taylor, A. (2019). Entering, Modifying, and Deleting Table Data. Creating a Database with SQLite. doi:10.1007/978-1-4842-3899-8_3
Languedoc, K. (2016). Working with Multiple Databases. Build IOS Database Apps with Swift and SQLite, 161-173. doi:10.1007/978-1-4842-2232-4_10
Languedoc, K. (2016). Build iOS Database Apps with Swift and SQLite. doi:10.1007/978-1-4842-2232-4

Project Charter



Project Title:
Employment for Fresh and Experienced Graduates
Brief Project Description:
The purpose of this project is to help fresh and experienced graduates find suitable and well-paying jobs.
Prepared By:
It has been prepared by Mr. Steve
Date:
02/03/2019
Version:
2nd

B.   Project Objective:
Explain the specific objectives of the project.  For example:  What value does this project add to the organization?  How does this project align with the strategic priorities of the organization?  What results are expected?  What are the deliverables?  What benefits will be realized?  What problems will be resolved?


I am a startup owner, who is always ready to help fresh and experienced graduates find suitable jobs. I do not work for any organization, but the purpose of initiating this project is to help more and more people so that they can earn a living without any major issue. The first objective of this project is that I will call some of the unemployed graduates to my office after discussing matters with them on LinkedIn. Then I will help them find suitable jobs via both offline and online resources. Another objective is to create awareness among people regarding how to find jobs themselves, without anyone’s help or guidance.

C.   Assumptions

List and describe the assumptions made in the decision to charter this project.  Please note that all assumptions must be validated to ensure that the project stays on schedule and on budget. 


The first assumption is the Situation of employed graduates. I find that fresh and experienced graduates are often pushed behind the competition, which is only because of the lack of reference. I aim to change this situation and want to bring positivity to their lives. The second assumption is Time; children spend years of their lives while getting a bachelor’s or master’s degree, so they deserve to be paid fairly once a job has been found. In the meantime, it is their right to get access to plenty of employment opportunities.



D.   Project Scope

Describe the scope of the project.  The project scope establishes the boundaries of the project.  It identifies the limits of the project and defines the deliverables.

Through this project, I want to facilitate more and more people; my purpose is not to make money, but to help educated, unemployed people. The success of this project lies in how people enlisted in my list respond and what types of measures they take after receiving proper guidance from my side.

List any requirements that are specifically excluded from the scope.

Money is excluded from the scope, as I do not want to earn money. My purpose is to support people and to serve them in a better way. Another thing that is excluded from the project’s scope is time, as I do not know how much time I will take to meet the target.

E.   Project Milestones

List the major milestones and deliverables of the project. 

Milestones
Deliverables
Date
High-priority task
Providing inexperienced graduates with complete guidance is preferred over providing experienced graduates with assistance.
05/03/2019
Percentage of completion
10 percent is likely to be completed.
10/03/2019
The usage of resources
Both offline and online resources will be used, especially LinkedIn.
15/03/2019

F.    Impact Statement
List the impact this project may have on existing systems or units. 
Potential Impact
Systems / Units Impacted
It will bring positivity to people’s lives.
The poor will get positively impacted.
Graduates who keep looking for jobs will finally land their dream jobs.
The rate of unemployment will be brought down.
Both inexperienced and experienced graduates will receive support.
I will enable them to support their families financially.


G.   Roles and Responsibilities
Describe the roles and responsibilities of project team members followed by the names and contact information for those filling the roles. The table below gives some generic descriptions.  Modify, overwrite, and add to these examples to accurately describe the roles and responsibilities for this project.

Sponsor:  Provides overall direction on the project.  Responsibilities include:  approve the project charter and plan; secure resources for the project; confirm the project’s goals and objectives; keep abreast of major project activities; make decisions on escalated issues; and assist in the resolution of roadblocks.
Name
Email / Phone
Mr. Austin
Austin@example.com
Mr. Robinson
Robinson@example.com
Project Manager:  Leads in the planning and development of the project; manages the project to scope. Responsibilities include:  develop the project plan; identify project deliverables; identify risks and develop risk management plan; direct the project resources (team members); scope control and change management; oversee quality assurance of the project management process; maintain all documentation including the project plan; report and forecast project status; resolve conflicts within the project or between cross-functional teams; ensure that the project’s product meets the business objectives; and communicate project status to stakeholders.
Name
Email / Phone
Mrs. Sam
Julia Roberts
Team Member:  Works toward the deliverables of the project.  Responsibilities include:  understand the work to be completed; complete research, data gathering, analysis, and documentation as outlined in the project plan; inform the project manager of issues, scope changes, and risk and quality concerns; proactively communicate status; and manage expectations.
Name
Email / Phone
Mr. John
Mrs. John
Customer:  The person or department requesting the deliverable.  Responsibilities include:  partner with the sponsor or project manager to create the Project Charter; partner with the project manager to manage the project including the timeline, work plan, testing, resources, training, and documentation of procedures; work with the project team to identify the technical approach to be used and the deliverables to be furnished at the completion of the project; provide a clear definition of the business objective; sign-off on project deliverables; take ownership of the developed process and software.
Name
Email / Phone
Alia Steve
Alia@example.com
Mr. Steve George
SteveG@example.com
Subject Matter Expert: Provides expertise on a specific subject.  Responsibilities include:  maintain up-to-date experience and knowledge on the subject matter; and provide advice on what is critical to the performance of a project task and what is nice-to-know.
Name
Email / Phone
Miss Horaine
Horaine@example.com
Miss Noor
Noor@example.com


H.   Resources
Identify the initial funding, personnel, and other resources committed to this project by the project sponsor. 

Resource
Constraints
LinkedIn
Some people are found creating fake profiles.
Facebook
Due to the so many fake profiles, it will be difficult to decide who actually deserves to be helped.
Newspapers
Most of the jobs published in newspapers require years of experience.
Television
It is difficult to find a suitable job advertisement on television.
Online Job Boards
Online job boards remain full with new postings, but it is quite difficult to determine whether the employer is serious about hiring or has posted an ad for promotional purposes.

I.      Project Risks
Identify the high-level project risks and the strategies to mitigate them.

Risk
Mitigation Strategy
Plenty of false or low-paying job positions
Job posts need to be read carefully, and the hiring manager has to be contacted before asking a graduate to apply.
Difficult to help graduates whose CVs do not look professional
CVs need to be redeveloped or recreated before they are submitting to the potential employers.

J.    Success Measurements
Identify metric and target you are trying to achieve as a result of this project.  For example, overall cost savings of $50K or reduce processing time by 25 percent.


1.      10 to 20 percent increase in employment rate is expected based on how many graduates respond.
2.      Up to 30 percent decrease in the poverty rate is expected.




The signatures of the people below document approval of the formal Project Charter.  The project manager is empowered by this charter to proceed with the project as outlined in the charter.

Customer:


Name
Signature
Date
Samantha
Samantha
02/03/2019
Denial
Denial
02/03/2019
Project Sponsors:

02/03/2019
Name
Signature
Date
Mr. Steve
Steve
02/03/2019
Mr. Mark
Mark
02/03/2019
Project Manager:


Name
Signature
Date
Mr. Austin
Austin
02/03/2019
Mr. Robinson
Robinson
02/03/2019